Leaves resemble those of forage sorghum with a pronounced whitishgreen midvein. Moench lines that exhibit variegated pericarp color have been collected. Shattercane is a summer annual grass that is closely related to johnsongrass. Shattercane pdf, sorghum bicolor, was imported from africa as a forage crop but. The database and code is licensed under a creative commons attributionnoncommercialsharealike 3. Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of sorghum sorghum.
It is one of the worlds leading cereal crops bukantis, 1980. Sorghum is a genus with many species and subspecies, and there are several types of sorghum, including grain sorghums, grass sorghums for pasture and hay, sweet sorghums for syrups, and broomcorn. Option 1 exdoc endorsement no 4092 1 the crop was inspected during active growth and found free from bacterial leaf stripe of sorghum and corn pseudomonas syringae pv syringae and bean bacterial brown spot burkholderia andropogonis. Sorghum is also used to help alleviate chronic pain, and an extract from the leaf base was shown to have central antinociceptive properties. Sorghum bicolor is a widely grown cereal crop, particularly in africa, ranking 5th in global cereal production. Sorghum broomcorn is a big cornlike annual grass that used to be an important plant in american agriculture. Evolution of photoperiodinsensitive flowering in sorghum, a. A cross between tropical and temperate sorghums sorghum propinquum kunth hitchc. It is in flower from august to october, and the seeds ripen from september to october. Fertility of pedicellate spikelets in sorghum is controlled. Moench sorghum is considered the camel of the crops, a true testament to its hardiness and ability to grow in dry, nutrientpoor soils and withstand prolonged droughts.
Grain sorghum, mabele, amazimba, amabele origin and distribution sorghum is the 5th most important grain crop after wheat, maize, rice and barley. In general, forage sorghums are taller plants with later maturity dates and more vegetative growth than grain sorghums. Pdf sorghum sorghum bicolor varieties adopt strongly. Plant 1 to 2 inches deep about 10 to 15 inches apart in rows 24 to 36 inches apart. Useful tropical plants database 2014 by ken fern, web interface by ajna fern with help from richard morris. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Sorghum bicolor new zealand plant conservation network.
Whetherthe enterprise is corn, cattle, cauliflower, cotton, or grain sorghum water is essential for its production and the r to texas, and its ability to yield consistently in harsh environments makes it popular with growers. It was introduced with the slave trade to america, including warm parts of the united states. Bicolors are considered to represent the primitive progenitor race brown et al. Sorghum flowers open at night or in the early morning. Moench green manure in rotations of head salads and baby leaf crops under greenhouse march 2017 italian journal of agronomy 121. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by wind. The diploid genome 730 mb has a haploid chromosome number of 10.
The breeding of crop plants with enhanced drought tol. Sorghum is predominantly self up to 50% cross pollination, depending on panicle structure and weather conditions during flowering osunaortega et al. The plant likely originated in africa, where it is a major food crop, and has numerous varieties, including grain sorghums, used for food. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Although sorghum has an ability to cope with many types of stresses, including heat, drought, salinity and flooding 6, in arid and semiarid regions, this crop is usually affected by drought stress at the post flowering stage of growth 75. The conservation status of all known new zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the new zealand threat classification system nztcs. Sweetstem sorghum is a multipurpose crop, yielding food in the form of grain, fuel in the form of ethanol from its stem juice, and fodder from its leaves and grain. Moench, is a versatile c 4 grass with high efficiency in conversion of solar energy, superior drought tolerance relative to most other crops, and multiple uses as. Sorghum bicolor sorghum, common wild sorghum, grain sorghum.
Butterfly bush pdf, buddleja davidii, has numerous coneshaped bunches of purple flowers that attract butterflies. The focus of this species page is on sorghum bicolor ssp. Moench are important factors for hybrid seed production 33 and relate to the incidences of sorghum midge contarinia sorghicola coquillet. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. It is also used as biofuel crop and potential cellulosic feedstock. Sorghum commonly known as broom corn, great millet, durra, jowari and milo is a large grain plant native to northern africa which is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions these days. Breeding strategies for the adaptation of sorghum sorghum. Evolution of photoperiodinsensitive flowering in sorghum. Combining this potential for higher grain yields with both reduced rhizomatousness and invasiveness risk, s. Hibiscus, nuclear staining, sorghum bicolor extract introdution sorghum bicolor is a member of the grass family poaceae and can thrive in hot areas with little rainfall, providing nutrients for millions of people. Drought tolerance in sorghum is a complex trait influenced by many genes coding for. Sorghum is one of africas greatest contributions to the worlds agricultural diversity, and is a traditional. The latter is especially true in the more drought prone areas of south africa where this hardy crop provides better household food security than maize.
The record derives from wcsp which reports it as an accepted name record 443283 with original publication details. As in other cereal crops, the panicles of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Genetic regulation of development in sorghum bicolor x. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 443283 with original publication details. Sorghum bicolor originated from northeastern tropical. Caladium bicolor araceae is a horticulture bicolo also used by some traditional medicine practitioners in the treatment of diarrhoea and nicolor gastrointestinal disorders.
Seventeen of the 25 species are native to australia, with the range of some. Sorghum bicolor manual of the alien plants of belgium. Genetic regulation of development in sorghum bicolor. Sorghum bicolor belongs to the panicoideae which is a subfamily of the poaceae formerly known as the gramineae. We selected one of these lines, referr we use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. Stems erect, smooth, 4 to 8 feet tall with tillers readily produced from crown.
Asynchronous thermo and photoperiods were observed to hasten floral differentiation initiation in the short day plant sorghum bicolor l. Sweet sorghum sorghum bicolor is a giant grass, somewhat similar in appearance to sugarcane, but able to withstand cooler climates. Sorghum sorghum bicolor pollen availability and seed set. Sweet sorghum will thrive under drier and warmer conditions than many other crops and is grown. Grain sorghum is an annual grass similar in appearance to maize corn, although it has more tillers stems and more finely branched roots 2, 3, 10. In the midwest and parts of the southern states of the usa, the juice of sweet sorghum is heated, clarified by skimming, and concentrated into a syrup. Moench is an indigenous crop to africa, and though commercial needs and uses may change over time, sorghum will remain a basic staple food for many rural communities. Sorghum facts, health benefits and nutritional value. Mycorrhizal symbioses the union of roots and soil fungi are universal in terrestrial ecosystems and may have been fundamental to land colonization by plants 1, 2.
Pdf sorghum is one of the most drought tolerant crops but surprisingly, little is. Acacia koa koa 47 acacia koaia koaia 47 acacia mangium mangium 47 acalypha wilkensiana beefsteak 47 ajuga reptans carpet bugle 47 aleurites moluccana kukui, lama, lumbang, sakan, raguar, candlenut tree 47 alpinia zerumbet shell ginger 47 arachis glabrata forage peanut 48 arachis pintoi cv. It is also known from various vernacular names such as french. Sorghum originated in africa, and is now cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical regions. Originating in africa, its cultivation for both grain and fodder spread throughout the tropics and subtropics of the old world. Clarke, in encyclopedia of food sciences and nutrition second edition, 2003. Jul 30, 2019 caladium bicolor araceae is a horticulture bicolo also used by some traditional medicine practitioners in the treatment of diarrhoea and nicolor gastrointestinal disorders. It is the fifth most important cereal crop after wheat, corn, rice and barley. Division of agriculture photo by gerald klingaman our society is in a constant state of flux, casting off the old for a new and improved version of the future. Tables 05201250 cut flowers and greenery lot3 plantain 337 table 343 nepenthes spp. Shattercane is a summer annual grass descended from wild and cultivated sorghum varieties.
Owing to the composition of its flower, sorghum tends to selfpollinate. Sorghum, sorghum bicolor, is an annual or perennial grass in the family poaceae grown primarily for its grain. In australia, sorghum grain is the main source for bioethanol production in the dalby biorefinery, one of the three ethanol producing plants. It is a very variable species with numerous cultivars. Seed heads resemble forage sorghum but seeds appear dark red to. Moench is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus sorghum family poaceae. Moench, revealed a quantitative trait locus qtl, flravgd1, accounting for 85. One of the few grains that can be used as a wheat substitute in glutenfree recipes and products, this is an important food crop in africa, central america, and south asia, and is the fifthmost important cereal crop grown in the world. Only sessile spikelets sss are capable of producing viable grains, whereas pedicellate spikelets pss cease development after initiation and eventually abort. Moench comprise two types of floral spikelets grass flowers. Candystrip locus, ycs, determines mutable pigmentation of. However, some crosspollination about 6% does occur. It is the member of the grass family poaceae or gramineae.
Conservation status of new zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017. Sorghum leiocladum sorghum leiocladum is a tufted perennial grass to 1 m high with cinnamon coloured flower spikes to 35 cm long 8. It is a staple food for more than 500 million people in more than 30 countries, although maize has to some extent replaced its use in southern africa. Sorghum bicolor sorghum is a food and feed cereal crop that originated in africa and is adapted to heat and drought. Shattercane sorghum bicolor weed gallery uc statewide. One species, sorghum bicolor, was originally domesticated in africa and has since spread throughout the globe. Shattercane sorghum bicolor weed gallery uc statewide ipm. West african sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have anti.
Some of these species have grown as cereals for human consumption and some in pastures for animals. Growth characteristics also vary depending on the location grown, inputs, and agronomic practices. Flowering sorghum seed head and vegetation in tucson, arizona. Sorghum is a warm weather crop, and like corn should not be planted before 4 inch depth soil temperature reaches 55 f. Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of sorghum. Those at the tip of the panicle open first and it takes 6 to 9 days before the entire panicle has flowered. The word sorghum typically refers to cultivated sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Laboratory enzyme assays were conducted using different sorghum aqueous leaf and stem extract concentrations at 0, 2.
Sorghum diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Mabberley 2008 distinguishes eight major cultivar groups that partly correspond with a. Sorghum bicolor is an important crop providing food and fodder in the semiarid tropics of the world. Mapping of qtls underlying flowering time in sorghum sorghum bicolor l. It is especially adapted to grow in dry areas but, being so rich in diversity, it also grows well in temperate and high altitude environments. Creatly attenuated photoperiod sensitivity in a phytochromedeficient sorghum possessing a biological clock but lacking a red lighthigh lrradiance response kevin l. In photoperiodsensitive ps sorghum, the flowering date remains the. Sorghum has an erect solid stem with one or more tillers additional shoot that grows subsequent to the parent shoot and curving leaves which are arranged alternately on the stems and are lancelike in shape, measuring 305 cm 1253 in in length. Sorghum is considered the camel of the crops, a true testament to its hardiness and ability to grow in dry, nutrientpoor soils and withstand prolonged droughts. It is a staple food for 500 million of the worlds poorest people. Pdf mapping of qtls underlying flowering time in sorghum.
Msd1 regulates pedicellate spikelet fertility in sorghum. Shattercane is considered an aggressive weed and can yield up to 2000 seeds. Sorghum is a staple food for more than 500 million people in more than 30 countries. This document addresses the biology of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Sorghum, sorghum bicolor, also called great millet, indian millet, milo, durra, or shallu, cereal grain plant of the grass family poaceae and its edible starchy seeds. One species, sorghum bicolor, native to africa with many cultivated forms now, is an important crop worldwide, used for food as grain and in sorghum syrup or sorghum molasses, animal fodder, the production of alcoholic beverages, and biofuels.
Sorghum is a genus of flowering plants in the grass family poaceae, which includes about 25 species. This variety has been in use for centuries as traditional medicinal. In california it is found in the deserts, central valley, north coast ranges, and coastal regions, to almost 2000 feet 600 m. List of plant pictures by scientific name scientific. It is an aggressive grass that grows very fast and can significantly reduce the yield of your fields. Consequently, grain number per panicle gnp is lower than the total number of flowers produced. In this study, we tested dried sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths sbls domesticated from a wild variety that is native to west africa. Creative commons attributionnoncommercialsharealike 3. It is a staple food for more than 500 million people in more than 30 countries, although maize. Johnsongrass pdf, sorghum hale pense, is native to the mediterranean region. Sweet sorghum is any of the many varieties of sorghum which have a high sugar content. Shattercane pdf, sorghum bicolor, was imported from africa as a forage crop but is now a noxious weed in pennsylvania. It can produce tillers adventitious stems originating from the plant base but not rhizomes. Grain sorghum is treated as an annual in temperate regions, although it is a perennial grass and in the tropics may be harvested many times.
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